Figures of Natality reads metaphors and narratives of birth in the age of Goethe 17701832 as indicators of the new the unexpected and the revolutionary. Using Hannah Arendts concept of natality Joseph ONeil argues that Lessing Goethe and Kleist see birth as challenging paradigms of Romanticism as well as of Enlightenment resisting the assimilation of the political to economics science or morality. They choose instead to preserve the conflicts and tensions at the heart of social political and poetic revolutions. In a historical reading these tensions evolve from the idea of revolution as Arendt reads it in British North America to the social and economic questions that shape the French Revolution culminating in a consideration of the culture of the modern republic as such.Alongside this geopolitical evolution the ways of representing the political change too moving from the new as revolutionary eruption to economic metaphors of birth. More pressing still is the question of revolutionary subjectivity and political agency and Lessing Goethe and Kleist have an answer that is remarkably close to that of Walter Benjamin as that secret index through which each past age is pointed toward redemption. Figures of Natality uncovers this index at the heart of scenes and products of birth in the age of Goethe.